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How Can Stem Cell Research Affect You

Stem cell research, though limited in the United States, is going ahead at a feverish pace in many other countries.  Most European countries have government backed stem cell research programs.  It is not the intention of this site or author to get into a political discussion on the ethics of stem cell therapy, only to show that it works and can be very useful in easing human suffering and returning some adults to a near normal level of functioning.

The most politically charged and ethic-bending form of stem cell research involves embryonic stem cells.  The cells of an unborn fetus are used to test their ability to repair and regrow adult tissue.  Most people are unaware, or ignore, that the adult body naturally carries its own stem cells.  These cells exist to repair tissue damage.  Some of today's cutting edge stem cell research is done with those cells that are taken directly from a patients body and used to regrow tissue and re-implant it into the donor's own body.

A case in point of this type of stem cell therapy would be Claudia Castillo.  A young mother of two who had suffered from tuberculosis for several years.  A severe bout left her with a badly damaged lung that doctors thought may have to be removed.  Dr. Paolo Macchiarini thought that a windpipe transplant would do, instead.  As with most transplants the biggest fear is that the new organ will be rejected, but if you use the patients own stem cells to line the new organ, the body is less likely to reject it.  After a donor organ was found it was stripped of all cells, Ms Castillo's stem cells were taken from bone marrow in her hip and used to line the new windpipe with her own cells.  At this time she is living a near normal life without having to take immuno-suppressent drugs.  These drugs can cause high blood pressure and cancer.

I have simplified the process quite a bit, but the end results are well documented in the San Francisco newspapers and the American Society of Transplantation Journal. The ramifications of this type of stem cell research are enormous.  Not only can it be applied to windpipe transplants for adults and children, but why not arthritis sufferers or people with chronic inflammatory bursitis.  The worn out tissue can be replaced by cells that are currently in your body, thus minimizing rejection and nearly eliminating any ethical or religious arguments to the treatment.

There is currently research going on into the use of adult stem cells in cerebral palsy, spinal cord trauma, arthritis, and many auto-immune disorders.  The debate still rages on about the use of embryonic stem cells, but where and what are the issues with an adult using their own cells to help heal themselves?  There are products available that claim to be able to enhance adult stem cell production all naturally.  I can not tell you what to do, but I can not see any reason that this type of research should not be used to ease the pain and stiffness of elderly patients so that they can have a better quality of life, later in life.

About the Author

Gregg Camp is an experienced Santa Cruz real estate broker. If you want to search for Santa Cruz eco-friendly homes or find out where the most energy efficient homes in Santa Cruz are, go to PropertyInSantaCruz.com and find yourself a great home by the beach.

Describe the production and processing of a protein that will be exported from a eukaryotic cell?

Also please begin with the production of messenger RNA from the DNA template and end with the release of the protein at the plasma membrane.

You have Mrs. white don't you??? I have her too

btw this might help:
Production of Protein:
Protein Synthesis
1. transcription (could image as to photocopy a page named RNA of a book called DNA)
2. translation (read page named RNA and turn it into protein)

Transcription:
Creation of mRNA in a nucleus of a cell.
Done by enzyme RNA polymerase and ligase, copy the code of the DNA. Uracil is used in mRNA instead of Thymine in DNA
Remove introns from mRNA, and thus activate the mRNA to be mature.

Translation:

Ribosome:
60s subunit + 40s subunit make up 80s subunit (because of overlapping of the subunits)

three nucleotides make up one codon (codon is universal)
one codon codes for one amion acid
20 amino acid makes a protein

at least 60 nucletide, 20 codon

AUG is the start codon

1. Initiation- ribosome will associated with the mRNA, the codon will into the P paliment site; second codon move into A paliment site.
tRNA goes into the paliment site followed by a tRNA entering the A paliment site.

2. A peptide bond is created between the amino acids.
3.Elongation
The tRNA in the Palliment site leaves.
4. Termination
Continue until A palliment site reach a stoop codon.
mRNA recycled, and broken down

then;

Endoplasmic reticulum:
An elaborate series of membrane sacs (canals) that run from the nuclear membrane to the cell membrane; acts to transport newly sysnthesized material, may undergo further processing inside ER Lumen, and may be important to cell support; its internal space ie. the ER Lumen may account for 10% of the entire cytoplasmic volume.

Main Funtion: transport

The rought ER(not smooth ER) , + ribosomes which makes proteins (the rought ER does not make proteins) destined for secretion outside the cell

To the Golgi apparatus and out the cell

Chip firm makes solar cells on RF production kit
RF Micro Devices Inc., a provider of radio frequency integrated circuits for wireless communications applications, has claimed that it has manufactured the industry's first photovoltaic cell using high-volume six-inch gallium arsenide (GaAs) semiconductor production machinery.

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