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Hydroponics Systems Overview

Hydroponics is used to grow plants without the nutrients available from soil. A method of supporting the plant and root structure is devised, and the roots are kept moist with a nutrient solution. Below are some of the more common hydroponic systems.

Ebb and Flow

In a hydroponic ebb and flow system, plants are supported by an inert growing medium in a container placed above the nutrient solution. A pump is used at preset intervals to pump solution into the container with the plants, thus flooding the container. An overflow tube is used to prevent the level of solution getting too high, with the excess draining back into the nutrient container. After a few minutes, the pump is switched off, and the nutrient solution drains back through the pump into the lower container.

Water Culture

In a hydroponic water culture system the plants are placed above the nutrient solution, with their roots immersed in the nutrient solution. Typically, a net pot is used to hold the plant, placed in a hole cut into a styrofoam sheet, which floats upon the nutrient solution. Air is pumped into the solution, typically using an aquarium air pump and air stone. The air keeps the roots from rotting.

Wick Systems

In a hydroponic wick system, the plant is supported by an inert growing medium such as perlite or vermiculite. A wick passes through the growing medium, with the ends of the wick placed in the nutrient solution. The wick draws the nutrient solution into the growing medium via capillary action, which contiues drawing the nutrient through the growing medium to the plant roots.

Drip

In a hydroponic drip system, plants are supported by an inert growing medium. Nutrient solution is pumped at preset intervals through a drip system, delivering nutrient solution to each plant. The system may be designed to recover excess solution, which is reused. In a non-recovery system, the pump timing must be carefully controlled in order to reduce waste and control costs.

Nutrient Film Technique

In this method, plants are supported within tubes or channels, typically within a plastic pot. The plants roots are irrigated by a shallow flow of nutrient solution, which is continually pumped in. The tubes (or channels) are placed at a slight angle to keep the nutrient solution moving.

Aeroponic

In an aeroponic system, the plant is suspended with its roots dangling in the air. Nutrient solution is sprayed onto the roots via a misting system, typically every few minutes.

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