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Introduction To Materials Analysis And Failure Analysis

Whenever there is a failure either in a vehicle, an aircraft or equipment pertaining to the industry you have to analyze the facts of the case and come to a logical finding. The failure could have been due to a poor material, faulty design, a malfunction caused by multiple reasons; fatigue, creep or it could have been due to operator error or lack of maintenance. Proper failure analysis demands the utilization of advanced analytical techniques in the manner of forensic science. The reconstruction of the accident or failure is sometimes best done using computer modeling and simulation. However, in most cases the solution lies in investigating from the materials angle in order to rule out the likelihood of the accident having occurred due to poor material quality.

The investigation of a failure therefore implies that you need to ease the answer out of the failed component itself by carrying out a thorough materials analysis. This is carried out in a well-equipped laboratory using Destructive Testing, Metallography, Chemical Analysis or Non Destructive Testing methods. The various options of Destructive Testing include high temperature tensile testing at up to 1000 c or impact testing using a notched bar at as low as –196 c. The normal standards of Rockwell, Vickers and Brinell are used to determine the corresponding hardness values of both materials and joints that have been welded.

Materials analysis using metallographic examination involves the preparation of a sample for microscopic examination. The structure of the grain, the heat treatment that had been provided, the size of the grain and imperfections in welding can all be evaluated using this technique. Today’s advanced laboratories can provide optical vacuum emission spectrometry results using advanced computers to yield very accurate analysis of both ferrous and non-ferrous metals and their alloys. Non-destructive Testing techniques used involve methods such as Pulse Echo, Dye Penetrant, and Magnetic Induction among others.

The systematic failure analysis assumes significance since this could prevent future failures thereby obviating costly breakdowns and in extreme cases, fatalities. The implication is to utilize advanced metallurgical and engineering knowledge to analyze failures in suitably equipped laboratories.

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About the Author

The article is contributed by a professional article writer, having experiences of working in different industries. For further information on rope access and materials testing please visit http://www.acuren.com/

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